The Silent Language of the Ottoman Court
One of the most unusual features of the Ottoman court was the use of mutes, whose language of signs was
Ambition to Rise Through Learning
Many students directed their studies toward mastering the art of writing, hoping to rise to honor and high office through
Religious Instruction and Translation
Many of the students devoted themselves to books that treated the matters of faith and religious law. These works were
Uncertainty of Power and Failed Predictions
Astrological predictions concerning the unstable condition of great ministers were rarely accurate or pleasing. Those who practiced such forecasting often
The Annual Tribute of Moldavia
The following account of Moldavia’s tribute was reported by a man who had worked for many years as an agent
Prohibition of the Art of Printing
The art of printing, a subject long debated as to whether it has brought more benefit or harm to the
The Limits of Turkish Philosophy
From what has been described so far, the reader may understand the general depth of Turkish philosophy as it was
Affection and Attachment Among Women
According to early observers, strong emotional attachments were also said to exist among women within Ottoman society. These writers claimed
Learning for the Duties of High Office
A great minister, or any high officer of the Empire, was expected to perform his duties with knowledge and judgment.
The Principles of Turkish Policy
The Ottoman Empire was ruled by methods very different from those of many European states. The Turks governed their lands