Planning Questions for an Istanbul and Bulgaria Holiday
A Private Balkan Trip can be planned in many ways, so it helps to make a few decisions before choosing
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Customized Istanbul City Tour for Local Neighborhood Discoveries
Look past the postcard view Istanbul has famous landmarks that draw travelers from around the world. Yet many visitors remember
Explore Ancient Streets with a Tour Guide in Ephesus
Make the journey part of the experience Bulgaria has plenty of reasons to linger, from its old city centers to
Weapons and Skills of the Ottoman Spahis
The Arms of the Ottoman Cavalry The Spahis, the elite cavalry of the Ottoman Empire, were famous for their skill
The Ottoman Empire Change Expansion and Endurance
A Changing Empire Like many great empires in history, the Ottoman Empire changed over time. Early European writers often observed
The Former Tribute of Wallachia
In earlier times, the tribute paid by Wallachia to the Grand Signior (the Ottoman Sultan) was the same as that
Ambition to Rise Through Learning
Many students directed their studies toward mastering the art of writing, hoping to rise to honor and high office through
Honor and Humility in Ottoman Thought
Among the Turks, it was not considered shameful to move down from the highest positions of honor and command to
Princes and the Rule of Law
Authority Above Punishment, Not Above Order The saying “Et si legibus solutissimus, tamen legibus vivimus” means this: although princes are
The Crowd Restrained but Not Calmed
This action restrained the boldness of some who had been ready to lay violent hands upon the woman. Yet the