The Former Tribute of Wallachia
In earlier times, the tribute paid by Wallachia to the Grand Signior (the Ottoman Sultan) was the same as that […]
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Ambition to Rise Through Learning
Many students directed their studies toward mastering the art of writing, hoping to rise to honor and high office through
Honor and Humility in Ottoman Thought
Among the Turks, it was not considered shameful to move down from the highest positions of honor and command to
Princes and the Rule of Law
Authority Above Punishment, Not Above Order The saying “Et si legibus solutissimus, tamen legibus vivimus” means this: although princes are
The Crowd Restrained but Not Calmed
This action restrained the boldness of some who had been ready to lay violent hands upon the woman. Yet the
A Wide Range of Artistic Work
There is almost no form of painting that Ivan Markvichka did not attempt during his long career. He worked with
The Situation of Art in Bulgaria
The difficult situation of the fine arts in Bulgaria was clearly felt not only by the different Bulgarian governments, but
Why Ottoman Sultans Rarely Married
The Cost of a Royal Marriage In this passage, the author continues to explain why Ottoman sultans generally avoided taking
The Spiritual Life of Nimetullah and His Followers
The Character of Nimetullah According to one of his devoted followers, Nimetullah was a man completely dedicated to truth, prayer,
Modern Sects Among the Turks
Throughout history, Islam has seen the rise of many sects, especially among the Turks. Each teacher or scholar often creates