The Duties of the Ottoman Spahis During War
Gifts from the Sultan When the Ottoman Sultan personally led the army into battle, he followed an old imperial tradition […]
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Changes in the Ottoman Military and Government
The Ottoman Empire at Its Greatest Strength During the reigns of famous sultans such as Selim I and Suleiman the
The Sale of the Principality
The additional charges placed upon Wallachia, when the principality was sold every three years, were no less than those required
Ambition to Rise Through Learning
Many students directed their studies toward mastering the art of writing, hoping to rise to honor and high office through
Honor and Humility in Ottoman Thought
Among the Turks, it was not considered shameful to move down from the highest positions of honor and command to
Titles That Show Absolute Power
The Emperor as God’s Representative on Earth The absolute and unlimited power of the Ottoman Emperor is clearly shown by
The Queen’s Final Plea for Mercy
“O brave man, be not cruel to me,” the Old Queen cried out in a trembling voice. She begged for
Leading Members of the Older Art Society
Among the members of the older Society of Bulgarian Artists, three figures stand out as especially important: Ivan Markvichka, Anton
Early Attempts at Fine Art in Bulgaria
The first steps taken toward the development of fine art in Bulgaria were modest. They were often naïve and limited
Marriage and Divorce in the Ottoman Empire
Marriage as a Legal Contract In this passage, the author continues his description of marriage and divorce among the Ottoman