The Sale of the Principality
The additional charges placed upon Wallachia, when the principality was sold every three years, were no less than those required […]
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Ambition to Rise Through Learning
Many students directed their studies toward mastering the art of writing, hoping to rise to honor and high office through
Honor and Humility in Ottoman Thought
Among the Turks, it was not considered shameful to move down from the highest positions of honor and command to
The Solemn Inauguration of the Ottoman Emperor
Prayers for Wisdom and Prosperity At this sacred place, solemn prayers are offered that God will bless the new ruler
The Crowd Restrained but Not Calmed
This action restrained the boldness of some who had been ready to lay violent hands upon the woman. Yet the
Ivan Angelov as a Leading Artist
Among the members of the Society of Bulgarian Artists, Ivan Angelov is considered the most accomplished painter. He received his
Early Attempts at Fine Art in Bulgaria
The first steps taken toward the development of fine art in Bulgaria were modest. They were often naïve and limited
The Ottoman Sultan and the Tradition of Not Marrying
A Unique Rule for the Sultan The author begins by pointing out what he believed was a surprising difference between
The Nakshibendi and Nimetullahi Religious Orders
Praise for the Nakshibendi Order Among the religious orders of the Ottoman world, the Nakshibendi order was highly respected by
Beliefs About Knowing God Among Muslim Sects
Among Islamic scholars, there have been many debates about how humans can know God and who can be considered holy.