The Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Spahis
An Elite Military Order For many centuries, the Spahis were among the most respected soldiers of the Ottoman Empire. They […]
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Corruption and Changes in the Ottoman Military System
The Importance of Military Honor The Ottoman military was once respected for its discipline, loyalty, and strong sense of honor.
The Meaning of the “Seven Banners”
This small republic was sometimes called “the Seven Banners.” This name had a special meaning. It suggested that, in order
Affection and Attachment Among Women
According to early observers, strong emotional attachments were also said to exist among women within Ottoman society. These writers claimed
The Vast Wealth of a Greedy Vizier
If a Grand Vizier is naturally careful with money and used to living frugally, he often decides to lose nothing
The Meaning of “Kul” in the Ottoman State
Servants of the Crown All those who receive wages from the imperial treasury, or who hold any office connected with
Reaction to the Queen’s Death
The news of the Old Queen’s death reached the old Chamber of the Janizaries. Several of them, along with some
A New Stage in Bulgarian Art Exhibitions
The first exhibition of Bulgarian art, although modest and limited in scope, did not deserve the indifference with which it
Nicola Petroff Master of Watercolour
Another important pupil of Jaroslav Veshin, and a member of the Society of Modern Art, is Nicola Petroff. He is
The Five Necessary Practices of a Muslim
Washing and Cleanliness The original text explains one of the important practices in Islam: washing before worship. It was written