The Meaning of the “Seven Banners”
This small republic was sometimes called “the Seven Banners.” This name had a special meaning. It suggested that, in order […]
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The Rank Below the Grand Vizier
Next in authority after the Grand Vizier, also called the Vizier Azem or First Vizier, are the officials known as
Kara Chiaus and the Assault
During this time, Kara Chiaus, with 200 men, had retreated into his garden. He was soon attacked by an Aga
The Dwarfs of the Ottoman Court
In the Ottoman court, there was another group of attendants besides the Pages and the Mutes. These were the Dwarfs,
Flattery and Servile Behavior in the Seraglio
A Culture of Excessive Submission Within the walls of the Seraglio there appears a kind of planned and practiced baseness
The Beginning of Art Exhibitions in Bulgaria
The slow and sometimes difficult progress of artistic life in Bulgaria, as well as the gradual growth of artistic taste
Nicola Petroff Master of Watercolour
Another important pupil of Jaroslav Veshin, and a member of the Society of Modern Art, is Nicola Petroff. He is
The Five Necessary Practices of a Muslim
Washing and Cleanliness The original text explains one of the important practices in Islam: washing before worship. It was written
Initiation Rituals and the Kadri Order
The Initiation of New Members Those who wished to join this religious order were required to complete a period of
Atheism in Constantinople
It is remarkable to consider how many people in Constantinople hold atheistic beliefs. Many of these are Kadizade scholars, who