The Spahis The Elite Cavalry of the Ottoman Empire
The Sultan’s Paid Cavalry So far, we have discussed the Ottoman cavalry who were supported by land grants and military […]
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The Ottoman Military System and the Strength of the Empire
A Military Empire The Ottoman Empire became one of the most powerful states in world history largely because of its
The Method of Turkish Studies in the Seraglio
In the earlier chapters, we have mainly described the education of young scholars in the Seraglio with regard to physical
The Annual Tribute of Moldavia
The following account of Moldavia’s tribute was reported by a man who had worked for many years as an agent
Seizure of Goods and Abuse of Authority
In the service of the Grand Signior, goods belonging to merchants were sometimes taken without agreement or payment. These seizures
Confusion in the Presence Chamber
Those who entered His Majesty’s Presence Chamber immediately perceived a great tumult and disorder. The noise was so loud and
The School of Painting as a Link
The School of Painting played an important role as a connecting link between the two main art societies in Bulgaria.
Land Ownership under the Grand Signior
The Supreme Owner of the Land All lands within the empire remain under the sole authority and gift of the
The Monetary System of Bulgaria
The official monetary system of Bulgaria is based on two units: the lev and the stotinka. The lev has the
Ottoman and European Views on Morality and Concubinage
The Author’s Defense of Christian Society In this passage, the author continues his discussion of the differences between Christian and