Land Ownership under the Grand Signior
The Supreme Owner of the Land All lands within the empire remain under the sole authority and gift of the
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The Monetary System of Bulgaria
The official monetary system of Bulgaria is based on two units: the lev and the stotinka. The lev has the
Ottoman and European Views on Morality and Concubinage
The Author’s Defense of Christian Society In this passage, the author continues his discussion of the differences between Christian and
Intoxication and Ecstasy Among Certain Dervishes
A Different Way of Life Among the various religious groups and dervish orders in the Ottoman Empire, some became known
Philosophical Debates and Divine Nature
Moderation among Scholars Some scholars in Islamic history tried to understand God using careful reasoning but without following strict rules
Magnificence of Royal Mosques
The Turks show great care and generosity in building mosques and other religious buildings dedicated to the service of God.
Origin of the Law and Religion
It is commonly known that the religious law followed by the Turks was believed to be compiled by the Prophet
The Ambassador’s Entrance
When the ambassador approached the Sultan, he was brought to a large gate near the audience chamber. The porch was
The Wedding Supper
After the Sultana removed her veil, she drank some water. Soon after, her serving maids brought in a low table.
Trade Relations with Austria-Hungary and Belgium
This article reviews Bulgaria’s trade relations with Austria-Hungary and Belgium during three five-year periods: 1890–1894, 1895–1899, and 1900–1904. The data