The Government of Kars
The fifteenth province was the Government of the Pasha of Kars, a city located near Erzurum, close to the eastern […]
T15a
The Principles of Turkish Policy
The Ottoman Empire was ruled by methods very different from those of many European states. The Turks governed their lands
The Attendance of Young Men in the Courts
In the courts of the great men of the Ottoman Empire, it was customary for their personal attendants to be
The Sultan’s Appearance in the Garden
When the Grand Signior wishes to spend time in the palace garden with a chosen number of women, a signal
The Ambition of the Old Queen
The Rise of a Child Sultan After the death of Sultan Ibrahim, who was killed by a conspiracy of the
State and Church Support for Bulgarian Religious Art
The development of fine arts in Bulgaria was strongly supported by both the State and the Church. Important commissions were
Alexander Bojinoff A Unique Artistic Figure
Alexander Bojinoff occupies a unique position in Bulgarian art as both a portraitist and a caricaturist. He is one of
The Month of Ramadan and Fasting in Islam
Historical Background The passage begins with the author’s comments on the political struggles between the Ottoman Empire and the Christian
The Convents and Appearance of the Edhem Order
Main Convents in Persia The main convents of this religious order are found in the cities of Persia, especially in
The Bektafi Sect Among the Janissaries
One of the more subtle and unusual sects among the Janissaries is called the Bektafi, named after a leader called