The Government of Kars
The fifteenth province was the Government of the Pasha of Kars, a city located near Erzurum, close to the eastern […]
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The Desolation of Asia and the Strength of the Ottoman Empire
At first sight, it may seem strange to say that the destruction and ruin which the Turks made in their
The Rise of Janissary Power
The Retreat of the Spahis After failing to achieve their demands, the Spahis withdrew and scattered to their own regions.
The Attendance of Young Men in the Courts
In the courts of the great men of the Ottoman Empire, it was customary for their personal attendants to be
The Sultan’s Appearance in the Garden
When the Grand Signior wishes to spend time in the palace garden with a chosen number of women, a signal
State and Church Support for Bulgarian Religious Art
The development of fine arts in Bulgaria was strongly supported by both the State and the Church. Important commissions were
Alexander Bojinoff A Unique Artistic Figure
Alexander Bojinoff occupies a unique position in Bulgarian art as both a portraitist and a caricaturist. He is one of
The Month of Ramadan Fasting and Its Origins
Fasting During the Day The writer continues his description of the Muslim month of Ramadan, explaining that people spend the
The Santon Kalenderi and the Mystical Musician
Historical Background During the time of Sultan Mahomet II and his descendants, the Ottoman Empire was divided among his sons.
Devotion and Religious Practice
Among certain religious sects in the Ottoman Empire, some followers spend entire nights bent toward the ground, reciting prayers and