The Government of Kars
The fifteenth province was the Government of the Pasha of Kars, a city located near Erzurum, close to the eastern […]
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The Desolation of Asia and the Strength of the Ottoman Empire
At first sight, it may seem strange to say that the destruction and ruin which the Turks made in their
The Rise of Janissary Power
The Retreat of the Spahis After failing to achieve their demands, the Spahis withdrew and scattered to their own regions.
The Careful Choice of Officers
The Turks were very careful in choosing their officers. They preferred to be served by men they had raised and
The Sultan’s Appearance in the Garden
When the Grand Signior wishes to spend time in the palace garden with a chosen number of women, a signal
Alexander Bojinoff A Unique Artistic Figure
Alexander Bojinoff occupies a unique position in Bulgarian art as both a portraitist and a caricaturist. He is one of
Official Support for the Fine Arts in Bulgaria
Orders and commissions given by civil and ecclesiastical authorities played an important role in the development of fine arts in
Ramadan and the Practice of Giving Charity
The Changing Time of Ramadan The writer explains that the month of Ramadan follows the Islamic lunar calendar rather than
The Founder Ibrahim Edhem and His Followers
The Founder of the Order The original founder of this religious order was a man named Ibrahim Edhem. His followers
Historical Context of the Brcktajlj and Kid Kalya
In earlier times, particularly during the rule of Brcktajlj Dga$, Kid Kalya, Mahomet-dga, and others, certain groups engaged in rebellious