Land Ownership under the Grand Signior
The Supreme Owner of the Land All lands within the empire remain under the sole authority and gift of the
G25
Rapid Growth of Savings Banks
The savings banks continued to grow quickly during the early years of the twentieth century. In 1905, the number of
Ottoman Views on Christian Morality and Marriage
A Discussion Between Muslims and Christians In this passage, the author describes conversations that he says often took place between
The Clothing Fasting and Ceremonies of the Mevlevi Dervishes
Simple Clothing and Appearance The Mevlevi dervishes were known for their simple and humble clothing. Their shirts were made from
The Tyadl Beliefs About Sin and Punishment
In early Islamic thought, the Tyadl were a sect with strict views about sin, punishment, and divine justice. They opposed
The Royal Mosques of Constantinople
The royal mosques of Constantinople are among the most famous and magnificent religious buildings in the empire. Some of the
Opinions About the Honesty and Justice of the Turks
In this passage, the author expresses surprise at reading books that praise the honesty and justice of the Turks and
The Ambassador’s Entrance
When the ambassador approached the Sultan, he was brought to a large gate near the audience chamber. The porch was
The Wealth and Danger of Egypt
In provinces like Egypt, Pashas could become extremely rich in a short time. Because of this great wealth, it was
Trade Relations with Germany and France
This article examines Bulgaria’s trade relations with Germany and France during three five-year periods: 1890–1894, 1895–1899, and 1900–1904. The focus