The Meaning of the “Seven Banners”
This small republic was sometimes called “the Seven Banners.” This name had a special meaning. It suggested that, in order
Additional Payments and Gifts
The castles that had been taken were redeemed for a certain sum of money, yet they still remained in the
The Government of Baghdad (Babylon)
The Government of Baghdad, also called Babylon, was one of the most important provinces of the Ottoman Empire in the
The Former Tribute of Wallachia
In earlier times, the tribute paid by Wallachia to the Grand Signior (the Ottoman Sultan) was the same as that
The Government of Buda in Hungary
The twentieth province was the Government of the Pasha of Budun, also called Buda, located in Hungary. This was one
The Sale of the Principality
The additional charges placed upon Wallachia, when the principality was sold every three years, were no less than those required
The Changing Rule of Transylvania
Transylvania was not completely free from Ottoman pressure, but its situation was somewhat different from that of Moldavia and Wallachia.
The North African Provinces of the Empire
To this long list of Ottoman governments, one might also add Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli in Barbary. However, these provinces
The Tartar Peoples Under Ottoman Influence
The Vrecopentian Tartars live in Taurica Chersonesus, now known as Crimea. The main city there is Theodosia, today called Cafa.
The Role of the Reis Efendi
The Mufti will be discussed later in its proper place. Here we will focus on the Reis Efendi, whose title