Severity as the Nature of the Turkish Government
A System Built on Force and Fear In this form of government, severity, violence, and cruelty are not accidents but
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The Monetary System of Bulgaria
The official monetary system of Bulgaria is based on two units: the lev and the stotinka. The lev has the
Marriage Religion and Foreign Women in the Ottoman Empire
Eunuchs and Marriage In this passage, the author describes a subject that he considered unusual: the marriage of eunuchs. A
Music and Controversy Among the Mevlevi Dervishes
The Sound of the Reed Flute The Mevlevi dervishes used a simple musical instrument made from a reed or cane
The Dispute Between Adam and Moses
In Islamic thought, there has been a long debate about the role of free will, divine justice, and predestination. One
The Study of the Royal Revenues
The detailed knowledge of the royal mosque revenues is not open to everyone. It is mainly studied and understood by
The Five Main Duties of the Law
Although there were many discussions among scholars about how to explain religious law, a person was still considered a true
The Ambassador’s Entrance
When the ambassador approached the Sultan, he was brought to a large gate near the audience chamber. The porch was
The Wedding Supper
After the Sultana removed her veil, she drank some water. Soon after, her serving maids brought in a low table.
Trade Relations with Greece and Roumania
This article reviews Bulgaria’s trade relations with Greece and Roumania during three five-year periods: 1890–1894, 1895–1899, and 1900–1904. The discussion