Severity as the Nature of the Turkish Government
A System Built on Force and Fear In this form of government, severity, violence, and cruelty are not accidents but
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Professions of Savings Bank Depositors
The savings banks in Bulgaria served people from many different professions and social groups. Official statistics from 1906 show how
Children Inheritance and Temporary Marriage in the Ottoman Empire
Children Born to Concubines In this passage, the author discusses the legal position of children born to female slaves, also
The Daily Life and Practices of the Dervishes
Their Religious Promises The dervishes professed lives of poverty, chastity, and obedience, much like the Capuchin friars and other Christian
The Jabari Belief in Divine Determinism
In Islamic theology, one of the most opposed schools of thought to the Mu‘tazilites and other moderate thinkers is the
Who the Emirs Are
The Emirs, also called the descendants of the Prophet, are counted among the religious people in their society. They are
The Custom of Seeking Legal Approval for War
This passage is written in old English and expresses the opinion of a historical writer about war, law, and political
Ambassadors from Distant Lands
Ambassadors from distant countries, whose main goal was to promote trade and commerce—such as those from England, France, and the
Avoiding Hereditary Power
Hereditary succession and long continuance in office were carefully avoided not only among the Turks but also in other great
Trade Relations with Italy Russia and Greece
Trade Relations with Italy, Russia, and Greece This article reviews Bulgaria’s trade relations with Italy, Russia, and Greece during three