The Rank Below the Grand Vizier
Next in authority after the Grand Vizier, also called the Vizier Azem or First Vizier, are the officials known as […]
Prohibition of the Art of Printing
The art of printing, a subject long debated as to whether it has brought more benefit or harm to the
The Limits of Turkish Philosophy
From what has been described so far, the reader may understand the general depth of Turkish philosophy as it was
Religious Instruction and Translation
Many of the students devoted themselves to books that treated the matters of faith and religious law. These works were
The Silent Language of the Ottoman Court
One of the most unusual features of the Ottoman court was the use of mutes, whose language of signs was
Favoritism Among the Ottoman Rulers
Historical writers often claimed that even the Grand Signiors themselves were not free from strong personal passions. According to these
Rebellions Among the Pashas
Throughout Ottoman history, there were occasional revolts by powerful Pashas who commanded their own armies. One notable example is when
Hereditary Succession and Nobility in Ottoman Policy
The Ottoman Empire followed a very different approach to government compared to European monarchies. One of the main policies of
Roman Policy on Empire Expansion
Augustus Caesar, one of the wisest and most careful Roman emperors, carefully considered the size and limits of the Roman
Different Policies for Old and New Lands
It is important to explain another point of Ottoman policy. While the Turks believed it was useful to keep some