Severity as the Nature of the Turkish Government
A System Built on Force and Fear In this form of government, severity, violence, and cruelty are not accidents but
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Professions of Savings Bank Depositors
The savings banks in Bulgaria served people from many different professions and social groups. Official statistics from 1906 show how
Marriage Religion and Foreign Women in the Ottoman Empire
Eunuchs and Marriage In this passage, the author describes a subject that he considered unusual: the marriage of eunuchs. A
Music and Controversy Among the Mevlevi Dervishes
The Sound of the Reed Flute The Mevlevi dervishes used a simple musical instrument made from a reed or cane
The Jabari Belief in Divine Determinism
In Islamic theology, one of the most opposed schools of thought to the Mu‘tazilites and other moderate thinkers is the
Payment for Legal Decisions (Fetfas)
When the Mufti gives legal decisions, which are called Fetfas, he does not personally receive any direct payment for them.
The Custom of Seeking Legal Approval for War
This passage is written in old English and expresses the opinion of a historical writer about war, law, and political
Escort and Presentation of Ambassadors
After the banquet, the ambassador was guided by the Chaostsbaǰǰe, the chief of the palace attendants, along with some of
An Unusual Succession to Power
It may rightly be asked how the present Grand Vizier, named Ahmet, succeeded his father Köprülü in the government of
Trade Relations with Greece and Roumania
This article reviews Bulgaria’s trade relations with Greece and Roumania during three five-year periods: 1890–1894, 1895–1899, and 1900–1904. The discussion