The Royal Mosques of Constantinople
The royal mosques of Constantinople are among the most famous and magnificent religious buildings in the empire. Some of the […]
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Background A Time of Religious Change
In the early period of Islam, which the writer calls “Mahometanism,” the religion was still new and not yet strong.
Ambassadors from Distant Lands
Ambassadors from distant countries, whose main goal was to promote trade and commerce—such as those from England, France, and the
The Wealth and Danger of Egypt
In provinces like Egypt, Pashas could become extremely rich in a short time. Because of this great wealth, it was
Trade Relations with Germany and France
This article examines Bulgaria’s trade relations with Germany and France during three five-year periods: 1890–1894, 1895–1899, and 1900–1904. The focus