A People Shaped by Constant War
A Life Formed by Conflict The entire condition and experience of this people has been shaped by continuous war. From
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Changing Priorities After the Creation of the Principality
Before the creation of the Bulgarian Principality, the main goal of the educated classes was the intellectual awakening of the
Children Inheritance and Temporary Marriage in the Ottoman Empire
Children Born to Concubines In this passage, the author discusses the legal position of children born to female slaves, also
Egyptian Dervishes and the Legend of Saint Kederlee
A Famous Monastery in Egypt There was a well-known monastery of dervishes in Egypt dedicated to a saint called Kederlee.
Philosophical Debates and Divine Nature
Moderation among Scholars Some scholars in Islamic history tried to understand God using careful reasoning but without following strict rules
The Royal Mosques of Constantinople
The royal mosques of Constantinople are among the most famous and magnificent religious buildings in the empire. Some of the
Background A Time of Religious Change
In the early period of Islam, which the writer calls “Mahometanism,” the religion was still new and not yet strong.
Ambassadors from Distant Lands
Ambassadors from distant countries, whose main goal was to promote trade and commerce—such as those from England, France, and the
The Wealth and Danger of Egypt
In provinces like Egypt, Pashas could become extremely rich in a short time. Because of this great wealth, it was
Trade Relations with Germany and France
This article examines Bulgaria’s trade relations with Germany and France during three five-year periods: 1890–1894, 1895–1899, and 1900–1904. The focus