Recognition of Markvichka’s Contribution
Even though many of the criticisms directed at Ivan Markvichka are well founded, and despite the opposition his work has
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Early Attempts at Fine Art in Bulgaria
The first steps taken toward the development of fine art in Bulgaria were modest. They were often naïve and limited
The Ottoman Sultan and the Tradition of Not Marrying
A Unique Rule for the Sultan The author begins by pointing out what he believed was a surprising difference between
The Dervish Monasteries and Their Travels
Monasteries Across the Ottoman Empire The dervishes maintained monasteries and religious houses in many of the most important cities and
Beliefs About Knowing God Among Muslim Sects
Among Islamic scholars, there have been many debates about how humans can know God and who can be considered holy.
Belief in Predestination and Destiny
The Turks hold a strong belief that every person’s destiny is written on their forehead at birth. They call this
Fair Taxation
Christians are to be taxed only according to their ability. No one shall pay more than they can afford. Those
The Young French Ambassador Arrives
When the son of the elderly French ambassador arrived at the Ottoman court, he was immediately called to an audience.
Preventing Early Claims to the Throne
The Ottoman rulers were deeply concerned about the danger of rebellion within the royal family. They feared that if princes
Trade with Sweden and Norway
Bulgaria had very limited trade relations with Sweden and Norway during the periods under review. In fact, Bulgaria did not