Foreign Artists and Their Role in Early Bulgarian Art
During the early years after the liberation of Bulgaria, several foreign artists visited or lived in the country for short
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Artists of the Older School
Among the remaining artists of the older school, most can be described as conventional in style. They followed established rules
Circumcision Ceremonies in the Ottoman Empire
Religious Leaders and Everyday Life In this passage, the author continues his discussion of circumcision and explains an important feature
The Rituals and Practices of the Kadri Dervishes
The Ceremony of Chanting The Kadri dervishes were known for their intense and emotional religious ceremonies. During their gatherings, they
Atheism Among the Turks
In this chapter, we will describe the various religions and sects among the Turks. It is not our main purpose
Fleeing During Plagues
The Wise and the General Population While many Turks faced contagious diseases with reckless courage, some people chose a different
Courtesy and Protection
Muslims are commanded to treat Christians with courtesy and respect. They must avoid any oppression, violence, or unfair treatment. Christians
Turkish View of Ambassadors
In the Ottoman Empire, ambassadors were often treated harshly, in ways very different from the respectful customs of ancient Rome
False Witness and Religious Bias
Another serious problem in the Ottoman courts was the ease with which some people gave false witness. It was said
Shipping Activity on the Danube and the Black Sea
This section compares maritime traffic on the Danube River and the Black Sea. It shows how shipping was divided between