Royal Mosques and Their Attached Institutions
Royal mosques in the Ottoman Empire were much more than places of worship. They were centers of religion, education, charity, […]
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Covenant with Christians
Muhammad, as a Prophet and Messenger of God, made a special covenant with the Apostles, the faithful saints, and all
The French Ambassador in the Ottoman Court
The French ambassador, Sieur la Haye, faced harsh and unusual treatment while serving in the Ottoman Empire. He represented the
Rivalry Among the Sons of the Sultan
The history of the sons of Suleiman the Magnificent shows clearly how dangerous rivalry between princes could be. When royal
Trade Between Bulgaria and Switzerland
Imports from Switzerland into Bulgaria were highest during the first period, reaching nearly 1.0 million francs. During the second period,